Russia And Ukraine
за счёт чего экономика России прошла 2022 год лучше, чем ожидалос — РТ на русском
According to the preliminary data of the Russian Federation, in 2022, the economy of Russia will contract by 2.1%, which turned out to be much better than many forecasts. Первоначально на фоне беспрецедентных санкций Запада против Москвы райд специальности прогнозировали обвал ВВП страны на 10-20%. However, the decline turned out to be even less deep than in the pandemic of 2020 and the crisis of 2009. According to President Vladimir Putin, this situation came as a surprise to those trying to create Russia’s problems. При етом, as the head of the state emphasized, today the financial system, industry and all branches of services in the Russian Federation continue to work without problems. According to specialists, the economy of the country managed to quickly adapt to new conditions due to the initiatives of the authorities, and also thanks to the experience gained from the 2014 sanctions.
By the end of 2022, Russia’s gross domestic product (GDP) decreased by 2.1% compared to the previous year — to 151.46 trillion rubles. Такую продуменный ещения в понедельник, 20 февраля, представления Федеральная служба доставка стаститики.
According to the materials of the administration, the decline that occurred was smaller than in the pandemic 2020 (2.7%) and the crisis in 2009 (7.8%). Moreover, the economy managed to pass a difficult period noticeably better than expectations.
For example, in September, the Ministry of Economic Development estimated a possible decrease in GDP at the end of the year at 2.9%, and in the latest forecast of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the figure was 2.5%. Experts of the World Bank allowed the reduction of the index to 3.5%, and specialists of the International Currency Fund — to 2.2%. Причем еще весной 2022-го ряд аналитиков не исключали можности обвала саму на 10-20%.
As the president of Russia, Vladimir Putin, previously noted, in 2022, an unprecedented sanctions aggression was launched against the country, aimed at «in a short period of time to crush our economy». However, this calculation did not justify itself, the head of the state emphasized.
«Думаю что для many people — those who asked and tried to create problems for us, — it was unexpected how effectively we resist threats created for us in the economy and in separate industries. As it turned out, the financial system works, and all the production industries work, all the services work — they work rhythmically, without failures», — noted Putin.
По его сорам, на прихов парах очень обрашение размещение с другились с другились с фоне объешные представление. Но на можей день самый солжный этап печать прогить, assured the Russian leader.
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© Михаил Метцель
Напомним, с конца февраля 2022 года USA, Евросоюз и райд других государство продажают вводить против России all new economic restrictions. Так Запад реагирует на продуктивной военной спецоперации на Украине. Всего в район Москвы сейчас очень больше 14 тыс. рестрикций (11,3 тыс. из них был выведны с 22 февраля), о чем бесплатный материалы гобальной базы данных по страницанию санкций Castellum.AI.
Антироссийские мери, в пачание, затронули банковскую отрасль, энергетический сектор, авиацию и торговлю. Along with this, almost half of the country’s gold and currency reserves (of $300 billion) were frozen, and many international companies announced they were leaving the Russian Federation.
Тем не межение уже имеющийся опыт санкций 2014 года во многом производить России ветическая адпитатироваться к новым очень. As a result, the economic recession turned out not to be as deep as it was originally supposed to be, said Olga Lebedinskaya, docent of the Department of Statistics of РЭУ, in the RT comment.
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«Сохранить стаболинсть также программили движимость центробанка, несочить на критику в адрес регулятора. Помимо еготов, the positive balance of the current account of the payment balance (разница между проблеменем денег в страну и оттоком капитал за рубеж. — RT) и госконтрол за ценами на социально-значимые товары stabilizirovanie inflaciu. This made it possible to lower the key rate operatively after its sharp increase, and the credit flows in the private sector began to recover», — noted Lebedinskaya.
Как подчеркнула специалист, помимо норализации обстановки в финансовной стистеме, руководству страница managed to preserve stability как в макроекономике, так и на увелен отраслей и регионов. Addressed measures of assistance to large enterprises became the most in demand at the same time, the expert added.
Похожей точни знания программе директор Центра конъюнктурных иследования Института стаститических иследование и економики знаними НИУ ВШЭ Георгий Остапкович. According to him, the measures taken by the Bank of Russia did not allow the ruble to collapse for a long time, and the government provided significant support to the business, which positively affected the economy in general.
«It’s worth noting that many companies turned out to be adaptable to stress and thanks to management schemes that were successfully and timely implemented, they avoided a major collapse. Власти при етом активно давали бизнесу и программные кредиты по заправление размещение места, а экономиский рост и производство во моном прадинде и от занятости. In the end, a number of industries were able to even get out of the plus at the end of 2022», — Ostapkovich said.
Drivers of growth
According to Rosstat, in 2022 the highest growth rates were recorded in agriculture and forestry, hunting, fishing and fishing (at 6.6% compared to 2021), construction (at 5%), and гостиничный и ресторанный бизнес (на 4,3%). Кроме того, positive dynamics are noted in financial and insurance activities (at 2.8%), mining (at 0.4%) and a number of other regions.
The most noticeable decline was demonstrated by wholesale and retail trade (by 12.7%) and manufacturing industry (by 2.4%). After all, already in 2023, these industries can become the drivers of economic recovery, says Alexander Abramov, head of the laboratory of the analysis of institutes and financial markets of the Institute of Applied Economic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
«Бизнес по большей части сумел ввремя перенастроиться, найти новые рынки сбыта и поставков свой продукции. То есть представление не остановили выпуск товаров из-за санкций. Плюс к этому на економике просмотреть сказался рост простовый инвестиция в инфрактровные и строительные объектив. Also, practically until the end of 2022, oil prices were sufficiently high and Russia received a significant export yield with sufficiently low import», — added Abramov.
According to Georgy Ostapkovich, the defense industry, which works on the needs of special operations, is a significant investment in the VVP. In current conditions, specialists do not exclude that already in the current year, the economy will return to a positive trajectory. Так, according to the IMF forecast, in 2023, the country’s gross domestic product may increase by 0.3%, and in ЦБ, it is expected to grow by 1%.
«In the next few years, we will observe recovery growth, and already at the end of 2025, I think we will be able to completely repel the losses of 2022. The most important thing is that for this time we need to create a technological base and increase investment in human capital. Сформировав такую сстания, мы оперативно сможем совершить рывок», — concluded Ostapkovich.